If I use Google servers for my corporate email, can that cause address deliverability problems that can occur from poor server reputation?

From experience, I'd say that you are not likely to experience this UNLESS, someone at your domain is sending or has sent unsolicited emails (spam) and recipients are making abuse reports (pressing the spam button in their email) while looking at your emails.

It is important that users in your domain are aware of best practices so they avoid abusing their ability to send email.

One of the worst email marketing strategies is to go out and buy a huge list of emails and send out blanket messages to them. Recipients will make abuse reports (hit the spam button) and there goes your reputation.

It would be like running around and hugging people you don't know at the mall. You get labeled as "That person" who should be avoided.

Instead, everyone you send to needs to have ASKED to be on your list at one time or another.  It's called opting-in.  Best if they opt-in by filling out a form themselves.  Then before they go on your list, you send out a "remember us?" email to remind them that they signed up and get them to confirm that they really asked to get on the list.

If you don't send out regular news monthly or by weekly, people can forget they signed up -and love hitting the spam button.

Mailchimp has an excellent page of information on the subject here:  http://kb.mailchimp.com/article/...

Google's Bulk Sending Guidelines:
https://mail.google.com/support/...

Abuse reports happen. There are plenty of old ladies out there shopping on the internet who think the easiest way to stop getting emails from companies is to hit the spam button.  They don't realize they are making abuse reports and scarring that companies reputation.

I always recommend that any bulk mailings be done through a service that heavily polices the practices of its account holders.  They are very strict and will close the accounts of offenders.  they also provide automated tools to maintain your mailing list -which is vital to having a list at all.